Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens
Origin
- Added by: 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
- Based on: USSR Constitution
- Part: Part IV-A of the Constitution
- Article: 51A
- Originally 10 duties, 11th added by: 86th Amendment Act, 2002
List of 11 Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
Every citizen of India shall:
- Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.
- Cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national freedom struggle.
- Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
- Defend the country and render national service when called upon.
- Promote harmony and spirit of brotherhood among all people of India, transcending religious, linguistic, and regional differences; renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
- Value and preserve the rich heritage of India’s composite culture.
- Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and have compassion for living creatures.
- Develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
- Safeguard public property and abjure violence.
- Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
- Provide opportunities for education to children between the age of 6 and 14 years (added by 86th Amendment, 2002).